资料图:江苏无锡,一家养老机构内欢声笑语。周贤览 摄
多地推进养老服务设施建设 大量增加养老床位
“一老一小”关乎千家万户,观察各地公布的民生实事清单可以看到,养老服务、婴幼儿托育、教育助学等关乎老人和孩子的话题占据相当篇幅。
在养老服务方面,多地都给出了具体的目标数字。比如,河南的政府工作报告中提到,完成6万户特殊困难老年人家庭适老化改造。内蒙古的政府工作报告中提到,新建乡镇养老服务中心和村级养老服务站2350个,对200所农村互助养老幸福院服务功能进行拓展提升。
江西的政府工作报告中则提到,新增家庭养老床位1.3万张。吉林的50项民生实事中包括,建设100个综合嵌入式社区居家养老服务中心和100个社区老年食堂。而浙江的民生实事清单中提到,新增认知障碍照护专区床位8000张、持证养老护理员6000人。
记者注意到,多地的措施都集中在社区养老、居家养老方面,从加强养老服务设施建设,到建设养老床位、社区老年食堂,再到老年人家庭适老化改造,大多通过推进硬件设施建设,来满足老年人的养老需求。
也有部分地区着重“软件”,如提升养老服务人才队伍素质、发展养老事业和养老产业、构建城市居家社区“15分钟养老服务圈”等。
资料图:社区“宝宝屋”里,专业育儿师带着孩子做游戏。江宁路街道供图多地增加托位、学位 最高达10万个
在减轻生育、养育和教育负担方面,多地都提出要增加托育机构、婴幼儿托位、学位等。
如《河北省2023年民生工程实施方案》提到,创建标准化示范性托育机构300家。山西的民生实事清单中提到,每个县建设1所80—150个托位的示范性公办综合托育机构。
河南的政府工作报告中提到,新增公办幼儿园学位10万个。“湖北省2023年10大民生项目清单”中提到,新增3岁以下婴幼儿托位4万个,新增公办幼儿园学位1.5万个。宁夏提出,每千人托位数达到2.4个。《北京市2023年办好重要民生实事项目分工方案》中则提到,支持有条件的幼儿园招收2-3岁幼儿,新增托位6000个。
多地还提出,要优化完善生育支持政策。其中,四川的政府工作报告中提出,发展集中管理运营的社区托育服务。宁夏的政府工作报告中提出,完善三孩生育配套措施,试行宁夏户籍生育二孩及以上家庭发放育儿补贴金制度。天津的20项民心工程中提到,实施积极生育保险政策,统筹提高生育保障待遇,支持灵活就业人员参加生育保险并享受待遇。
在义务教育方面,多地都提出要新建、改扩建义务教育学校,增加学位。如福建《二○二三年省委和省政府为民办实事项目》中提到,新增义务教育公办学校学位5万个。浙江的民生实事清单中提到,新改扩建公办中小学校100所,新增学位8万个。
《北京市2023年办好重要民生实事项目分工方案》中提到,新增中小学学位2万个,扩大教师交流轮岗比例,持续开展小学暑期托管服务。
1月31日,求职者在江苏省零工市场大厅内的企业招聘台前咨询。 中新社记者 泱波 摄“确保每个家庭至少有一人稳定就业”
2023届全国高校毕业生预计达到1158万人,同比增加82万人。稳就业保就业至关重要,多地的民生实事清单中,都提到落实就业优先政策,“把促进青年人特别是高校毕业生就业摆在更加突出位置”。
如河北提出了“全省城镇新增就业86万人”的目标任务,上海提出了“新增就业岗位55万个以上”的目标任务,等等。
针对高校毕业生,多地还出台相关措施,如鼓励基层就业、返乡创业等。甘肃的政府工作报告中提到,支持1万名未就业普通高校毕业生到基层就业。
湖北提出,扶持大学生创业项目600个以上,新增高校毕业生留鄂来鄂就业创业40万人以上,新增返乡创业5万人以上。
宁夏提出,对毕业两年内初次创业学生给予创业补助,支持城市灵活就业人员从事电商、快递、送餐、家政等行业,新增创业担保贷款10亿元以上,培育创业实体9000个。
对于就业困难人员,多地的民生实事清单也有提及。如宁夏提出,开发城乡公益性岗位9000个,“确保每个家庭至少有一人稳定就业”。
辽宁的政府工作报告中提到,加强困难群体就业帮扶,确保零就业家庭动态清零,严防规模性失业风险。山西则提出,推动公益性零工市场县县全覆盖,让零工等活不再“站马路”。(完)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。 资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。 House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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